PLoS ONE 16, e0255634. Playing sports, journaling, painting, cooking, or drawing can help pupils get relief from the pressures of college life. (2017). Behav. 52, 141166. Anonymous participants are more likely to satisfice than respondents who answer the question face-to-face (Krosnick et al., 2002). Given that resilience has also been shown to help mediate stress and improve mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions focusing on enhancing resilience should be considered (Surzykiewicz et al., 2021; Skalski et al., 2022). The dimensions of successful young adult development: a conceptual and measurement framework. 20, 150174. Exp. Mindfulness is being 48, 12731296. Int. Misra, R., McKean, M., West, S., and Russo, T. (2000). Since the Uvalde school shooting in May 2022, there have been 66 shootings in schools across the country, including on college campuses, and 41 shootings at K-12 Curr. Our first goal was to determine whether there was a relationship between self-reported academic stress and mental health, and we found a significant correlation (see Results section). Statistics For instance, studies showed that Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian American students disclose fewer mental health issues than white students (Liu, C. H., et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2021). Life Outcomes 17, 46. doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1113-1, Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., and Sartorius, N. (2015). Overall, 37% of students at public and private high schools reported that their mental health was not good most or all of the time during the pandemic, according to the CDCs Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, which was fielded from January to June 2021. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfz035, Romeo, R. D., Patel, R., Pham, L., and So, V. M. (2016). Psychoneuroendocrinology 31, 151178. Positive mental health is an understudied but important area that helps paint a more comprehensive picture of overall mental health (Tennant et al., 2007; Margraf et al., 2020). J. Does Use of Survey Incentives Degrade Data Quality? Anxiety and depression are the two most common reasons that students seek mental health services, according to the Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2017 Annual Report from Penn State University. in college students J. J. Hadler, N. L., Bu, P., Winkler, A., and Alexander, A. W. (2021). 8, 131136. doi: 10.1037/sgd0000360, Byrd, D. R., and McKinney, K. J. This study also demonstrated that college students are not uniformly impacted by academic stress or pandemic-related stress and that there are significant group-level differences in mental well-being. Lipson, S. K., Kern, A., Eisenberg, D., and Breland-Noble, A. M. (2018). LGBTQ populations: psychologically vulnerable communities in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as measured by partial eta squared, the effect sizes were relatively small, given the convention of 0.01 = small, 0.06 = medium, and 0.14 = large differences (Lakens, 2013). 1. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.288, Evans, T. M., Bira, L., Gastelum, J. We surmise this may be due to this group taking advanced courses, managing heavier academic workloads, and exploring different majors. Second, to identify groups that could experience differential levels of academic stress and mental health. For college students, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes and disruptions to daily life, elevated stress levels, and mental and physical health deterioration (American Psychological Association, 2020; Husky et al., 2020; Patsali et al., 2020; Son et al., 2020; Clabaugh et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2021; Lopes and Nihei, 2021; Yang et al., 2021). Perspect. Baby Boomers: 70%. All racial/ethnic groups responded similarly to the pandemic (2= 3.41, df = 4, p < 0.49). 2022 Coll. How does the average college student cope with stress? J. African American college students and stress: school racial composition, self-esteem and social support. Competition, anxiety, and depression in the college classroom: variations by student identity and field of study. Mental health crises are also on the rise. Stress In addition, since coping and resilience are important mediators of subjective stress experiences (Freire et al., 2020), we speculate that the lower ratios of stress reported in non-white participants in our study (75 vs. 81) may be because they are more accustomed to adversity and thereby more resilient (Brown, 2008; Acheampong et al., 2019). The average college student sleeps between 6 Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS): performance in a clinical sample in relation to PHQ-9 and GAD-7. students doi: 10.1007/s11218-008-9079-6, Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2001). Study finds 1 in 5 students surveyed reported thoughts of suicide in last year. First-generation college students (FGCS), those whose parents never obtained a baccalaureate, are disadvantaged relative to continuing generation college students (CGCS) in regard to academic performance and health status. Participants were solicited through Prolific (https://prolific.co) in October 2021. Future research will aim to be more inclusive of diverse races/ethnicities, sexual orientations, languages, educational backgrounds, socioeconomic backgrounds, and first-generation college students. Concerns of poor data quality due to surveys offering financial incentives found little evidence to support that claim and may do the opposite (Cole et al., 2015). stress J. Org. Am. PLoS ONE 16, e0246676. Heightened blood pressure and heartbeat. Acad. Managing the College Stress Epidemic for Students - Resources J. Ment. 5.6% of college students use marijuana daily. Competition both for admission to college (Bound et al., 2009) and during college (Posselt and Lipson, 2016) has increased over time. Available online at: http://dept.clcillinois.edu/psy/LifespanDevelopment.pdf (accessed February 6, 2022). Male and female students also respond differently to stressors (Misra et al., 2000; Verma et al., 2011). (2007). (2020). Behav. The use of Cronbach's alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. doi: 10.2307/2136658, Wyatt, T. J., Oswalt, S. B., and Ochoa, Y. Gender Divers. Annu. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.07.002, Kang, Y. S., Choi, S. Y., and Ryu, E. (2009). A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. (2021). Coping strategies and self-efficacy in university students: a person-centered approach. Mental health and quality of life in non-binary transgender adults: a case control study. U.S. Department of Education Announces Additional Project SERV Health 49, 267282. How to manage stress about money while you're in college - CNBC (2006). Black Psychol. (2020). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention program for stress management among medical students: the Mindful-Gym randomized controlled study. Second, the PAS comprised only the perception of responses to academic stress, but stress is a multi-factorial response that encompasses both perceptions and coping mechanisms to different stressors, and the magnitude of stress varies with the perception of the degree of uncontrollability, unpredictability, or threat to self (Miller, 1981; Hobfoll and Walfisch, 1984; Lazarus and Folkman, 1984; Wheaton, 1985; Perrew and Zellars, 1999; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Bedewy and Gabriel, 2015; Schnfeld et al., 2016; Reddy et al., 2018; Freire et al., 2020; Karyotaki et al., 2020). Emerging Infect. Dev. User guide. First, to determine whether a relationship exists between the two constructs of perceived academic stress, measured by the Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PAS), and mental well-being, measured by the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), in college students. As such, it is important to document the dynamics of academic stress with renewed focus. Coll. 11, 1759. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759, Kecojevic, A., Basch, C. H., Sullivan, M., and Davi, N. K. (2020). doi: 10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2. Psychiatry Rep. 23, 6. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01215-7, Hj Ramli, N. H., Alavi, M., Mehrinezhad, S. A., and Ahmadi, A. Cole, J. S., Sarraf, S. A., and Wang, X. Psychiatry 12, 650759. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759, Reddy, K. J., Menon, K. R., and Thattil, A. The methodology used is a cumulative literature review structured over 10 systematic phases, and is replicable. doi: 10.1007/s10755-021-09552-y, Lesure-Lester, G. E., and King, N. (2004). Rev. 12, 628787. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628787. Studies show that a stressor experienced in college may serve as a predictor of mental health diagnoses (Pedrelli et al., 2015; Liu, C. H., et al., 2019; Karyotaki et al., 2020). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239696, Ketchen Lipson, S., Gaddis, S. M., Heinze, J., Beck, K., and Eisenberg, D. (2015). doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.85392, Barbayannis, G., Franco, D., Wong, S., Galdamez, J., Romeo, R. D., and Bauer, E. P. (2017). Nearly 60 percent said they worry about having enough money to pay for school, while half are concerned about paying their monthly expenses. Coping with a threat to life: a longitudinal study of self-concept, social support, and psychological distress. In 2016, around 1 in 10 college students reported non-medical use of Adderall in the past 12 months. Health Soc. Figure 3. From the fall of 2019 to March 2020, the rate of depression among college students increased by 5.1%. 10, 4974. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214974, Syed, N. B.. (2021). 25, 1932. Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. This generation may seem more open to discussing mental health and breaking stigmas, but 67% of people aged 18-24 with anxiety or depression still do not seek treatment. (2022). (2019). doi: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1596823, Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D. V., Papadopoulou, E., Papadopoulou, K., Kaparounaki, C. K., Diakogiannis, I., et al.