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Generation of cryopreserved macrophages from normal and - PLOS Giavridis, T. et al. 2, 89 (2012). Varol, C., Mildner, A. Belgiovine, C., DIncalci, M., Allavena, P. & Frapolli, R. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. However, researchers found that in a 3D coculture system, both M1 and M2 macrophages inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human ADSCs (Tang et al., 2019). Prima, V., Kaliberova, L. N., Kaliberov, S., Curiel, D. T. & Kusmartsev, S. COX2/mPGES1/PGE2 pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Origin of monocytes and macrophages in a committed progenitor. GM-CSF inhibition reduces cytokine release syndrome and neuroinflammation but enhances CAR-T cell function in xenografts.
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Small molecule immunomodulation: the tumor microenvironment and overcoming immune escape. CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape. Nr4a1-dependent Ly6C(low) monocytes monitor endothelial cells and orchestrate their disposal. Natl Acad. Dranoff, G. et al. Zhu, X. et al. Alberto Mantovani, Paola Allavena, Cecilia Garlanda, Shanze Chen, Abdullah F.U.H. Engagement of MHC class I by the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 suppresses macrophages and is a target of cancer immunotherapy. Biol. (1) promotion of angiogenesis; (2) induction of invasiveness and metastasis; (3) regulation of the tumor microenvironment; and (4) induction of therapeutic resistance, By expressing WNT7B, WNT5A, WNT11, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and other factors, macrophages are deeply involved in vasculogenesis and lymphogenesis.67,68,69,70 In addition, TAMs can enhance tumor hypoxia and glycolysis,71 two important causes of angiogenesis.72,73 HIF-1a is a protein induced in hypoxia conditions. CAS The conversion to M1 macrophages largely enhanced antibody-induced phagocytosis, a phenomenon distinct from efferocytosis of apoptotic cancer cells, which largely relies on M2 macrophages . A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules. Shechter, R. et al. J. Clin. According to their histological locations, macrophages residing in specific tissues can be categorized into Kupffer cells in the liver, microglial cells in the brain, osteoclasts in the osseous tissue, alveolar macrophages in the lung, mesangial cells in the kidney, subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph, and so on.26,27 A summary of the ontogeny, functions, and markers of macrophages in different tissues is listed in Table1. Front. J. Leukoc. 19, 12641272 (2013). Tacke, F. Targeting hepatic macrophages to treat liver diseases. Preventive vaccines are often designed to induce specific adaptive immunity, chiefly humoral immunity, before the occurrence of disease, which is normally caused by infection with a virus or bacteria. & Riechelmann, H. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a mechanism that fuels cancer radio/chemoresistance. A-C Macrophages differentiated from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were polarised in vitro toward M1 with 20 ng/ml IFN- plus 0.1 g/ml LPS (M IFN-+LPS) and toward M2 with 20 ng/ml IL-4 (M . Cancer Cell 19, 541555 (2011). Cancer Res. Adv. Immunity 50, 14531466 e1454 (2019). As a type of phagocytic cell that was initially identified as clearing foreign pathogens by Elie Metchnikoff, macrophages have gradually been considered for cancer immunotherapy in recent years.. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally represent a major component of myeloid cells present in tumors. Annu. Immunity 41, 4961 (2014). Alterations in blood monocyte functions in Parkinsons disease. Nielsen, S. 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Finally, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis assays were assessed to verify the functionality of the polarized macrophages. Immunity 35, 323335 (2011). 173, 540547 (2006). 70, 57285739 (2010). Petty, A. J. Different tumor microenvironments contain functionally distinct subsets of macrophages derived from Ly6C(high) monocytes.
Frontiers | Phagocytosis: Our Current Understanding of a Universal Strategies for targeting macrophages for tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol. Modified macrophages with the chimeric antigen receptor (CARMA) have also been tested by Klichinsky et al. This process retrains the macrophage to perform phagocytosis on tumor cells. Proteins that have been passed to the plasma membrane by trogocytosis might be more likely to be processed and presented than cytosolic proteins. EMBO J 37, e97786 (2018). J. Biol. Am.
Single-cell technologies to decipher cardiovascular diseases Overcoming resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy by targeting PI3Kgamma in myeloid cells. Franklin, R. A. et al. Immunol. Crit. CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing retention of metastasis-associated macrophages. Ring, N. G. et al. Mol. Zigmond, E. & Jung, S. Intestinal macrophages: well educated exceptions from the rule. This notion was further confirmed by RNA velocity and phylogenetic trees of macrophages from various tissues. USA 107, 25682573 (2010). DeNardo, D. G. & Ruffell, B. Macrophages as regulators of tumour immunity and immunotherapy. Med. Sci. Wang, Y. et al. J. Immunol. Wiemann, B. Low-dose irradiation programs macrophage differentiation to an iNOS(+)/M1 phenotype that orchestrates effective T cell immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages enhance tumor hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis. Immunol. 14, 12271235 (2011). Finally, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis assays were assessed to verify the functionality of the polarized macrophages. 1, 288302 (2007). J. Immunol. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Dectin-2 is predominantly myeloid restricted and exhibits unique activation-dependent expression on maturing inflammatory monocytes elicited in vivo.
Erythropoietin promotes M2 macrophage phagocytosis of Schwann - Nature 19, 7684 (2018). Article 126, 26102620 (2016). Rev. As reported, the incidence of cancerogenesis is low in invertebrates with no T or B cells, indicating that innate immune cells are of great importance for preventing the initiation and development of cancer.189,190,191 In addition to their supporting role in all kinds of immunotherapies, macrophages may become a promising target in future cancer immunotherapy.33,192 Many targets and pharmacological agents related to macrophages in oncotherapy have been summarized in recent reviews.128,193 We updated the typical macrophages-targeting agents that have been registered for cancer-related clinical trials (excluding projects those are in the status of terminated, withdrawn, unknown, not yet recruiting) in Table2. Med. 3rd et al. Proc. Cancer Cell 30, 136146 (2016). Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq. Transl. J. Immunother. Mantovani, A., Sozzani, S., Locati, M., Allavena, P. & Sica, A. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Google Scholar. By inhibiting angiogenesis, anti-VEGF, anti-VEGFR, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors could weaken the protumoral function of TAMs. 78, 42534269 (2018).
TGF signaling plays a critical role in promoting alternative Immunol. Rev. Ann. J. Innate Immun. Low infiltration is a major barrier for T-cell-based anticancer therapy, and macrophages account for ~3050% of infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Science 348, 6268 (2015). Med. Squadrito, M. L. & De Palma, M. Macrophage regulation of tumor angiogenesis: implications for cancer therapy. NF-B is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages. Here, we will focus on its role in tumors in the following sections. More importantly, the direction of macrophages to T or B cells does not rely on the existence of tumor-specific antigens. van Deventer, H. W., Palmieri, D. A., Wu, Q. P., McCook, E. C. & Serody, J. S. Circulating fibrocytes prepare the lung for cancer metastasis by recruiting Ly-6C+ monocytes via CCL2. Role for Spi-C in the development of red pulp macrophages and splenic iron homeostasis. Qian, B. Methods 334, 7081 (2008). According to this study, intratumoral macrophage-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma can not only resolve tumor burden in situ but also relieve ascites. Feng, J. et al. Macrophage-released pyrimidines inhibit gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer. Gurevich, D. B. et al. Song, E. & Iwasaki, A. Monocytes inadequately fill in for meningeal macrophages. Eradication of B-lineage cells and regression of lymphoma in a patient treated with autologous T cells genetically engineered to recognize CD19. Front. M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of the AKT3/PRAS40 signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Zheng, P. et al. Proc. Res. Martinez, F. O., Helming, L. & Gordon, S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Listeria-based hepatocellular carcinoma vaccine facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy by regulating macrophage polarization. Macrophages present these peptides to MHC class II molecules on their surface and stimulate T-cell proliferation and activation with the synergistic effect of costimulatory molecules.55,56 It has been reported that adult macrophages are primarily responsible for host defense, while fetal macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling.40 Macrophages play an important role in the development and homeostasis. Salmaninejad, A. et al. Local macrophage proliferation, rather than recruitment from the blood, is a signature of TH2 inflammation. Linde, N. et al. Lloyd, C. M., Phillips, A. R., Cooper, G. J. JCI Insight 4, 24 (2019). Cancer Res. BMC Cancer 18, 321 (2018). Class IIa HDAC inhibition reduces breast tumours and metastases through anti-tumour macrophages. Oncol. Nat. 7, 16631671 (2019). used an NF-B-activating gene expression adeno-associated virus system to express an artificial neoantigen on the tumor cell surface, which could be targeted by specific immune cells. For patients with monocytopenia, their macrophages do not diminish correspondingly.3 These phenomena indicate that macrophages could come from other sources in addition to monocytes. Control of tumor-associated macrophages and T cells in glioblastoma via AHR and CD39. Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity. Oncol. Beltraminelli, T. & De Palma, M. Biology and therapeutic targeting of tumour-associated macrophages. PubMed Central USA 114, 11171122 (2017). CD163-positive perivascular macrophages in the human CNS express molecules for antigen recognition and presentation. M2 macrophages are divided into four major types based on their roles: M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d.
Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage - Science 18, 883891 (2012). 189, 26142624 (2012).
New insights into M1/M2 macrophages: key modulators in cancer Targeting the ANG2/TIE2 axis inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by impairing angiogenesis and disabling rebounds of proangiogenic myeloid cells. Mondor, I. et al. It has been shown that macrophages from different tissues possess diverse expression profiles for transcripts and proteins, which can have a profound impact on their phenotypes and functions.28,29. PubMed Cancer Immunol. 6, 225 (2015). & Merad, M. Dendritic cell and macrophage heterogeneity in vivo. 7, 114 (2016). Rev. Walter, S. et al. J. Pathol. Cancers 6, 16701690 (2014). Sterner, R. M. et al. J. Respir. Cancer Res. Res. 138, 12131229 (1973). When they chose calreticulin, a signal to promote phagocytic uptake, the cancer cells could be engulfed by macrophages.161 In addition, exosomes derived from M1- but not M2-polarized macrophages boosted the antitumor vaccine by eliciting a release of Th1 cytokines and a stronger antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell response.162 Xu et al. 294, 54305437 (2019). CD47 is a poor prognostic factor in tumor cells, and its interaction with SIRP on macrophages helps tumor cells evade phagocytic clearance by macrophages.143,144 Blocking CD47 has resulted in macrophage-mediated tumor inhibition.145 The inhibitory receptor LILRB1 expressed on macrophages prevents tumor cells from being phagocytosed by interacting with the beta-2 microglobulin (2M) subunit of the MHC class I complex.146 The CD24-Siglec-10 axis promotes immune evasion by downregulating macrophage phagocytosis.147 Inhibition of these immune checkpoints has significantly increased cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Mehla, K. & Singh, P. K. Metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization in cancer. To address various malignancies, more strategies based on or combined with macrophages need to be explored in the future. Several elements used for figures in this review were downloaded from https://smart.servier.com. 33, 18641874 (2013). Doak, G. R., Schwertfeger, K. L. & Wood, D. K. Distant relations: macrophage functions in the metastatic niche. 117, 22682278 (2007). Kochenderfer, J. N. et al. Robert, J. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, the role of macrophages in . Yunping Luo. Rosenberg, S. A. A breakthrough: macrophage-directed cancer immunotherapy. J. Innate Immun. & Yang, Y. Tumor-associated macrophages: implications in cancer immunotherapy. Two physically, functionally, and developmentally distinct peritoneal macrophage subsets. 17, 887904 (2018). M2 macrophages reduce the radiosensitivity of head and neck cancer by releasing HBEGF. Article Immunol. Movahedi, K. et al. Biol. Both in humans and mice with (experimental) asthma, more M1 and M2 macrophages (old nomenclature was then used) were found in lung tissue. Immunol. These strategies are categorized into six types based on their objectives. Marginal zone B cells regulate antigen capture by marginal zone macrophages. Lymphatic endothelial cells are essential components of the subcapsular sinus macrophage niche. Cell Metab. Angiogenesis 17, 109118 (2014).
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