advantages and disadvantages of optical biosensors

Furthermore, the biological receptor should be capable of selectively detecting the target compound or analyte in the test sample. This is important in viral RNA synthesis, four structural proteins (the S, E, M and N proteins) that are essential for cytoplasmic viral assembly which are spike (S) protein, nucleo-capsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein and the envelope (E) protein [50]. By Xiangchao Zhu, Ahmet Cicek, Yixiang Li and Ahmet Ali Yanik. ; data curation, X.X. Optical Biosensors, Second Edition describes the principles of successful systems, examples of applications, and evaluates the advantages and deficiencies of each. Surface plasmon resonance: a versatile technique for biosensor applications. The serological investigations for antibodies against viral antigens are less sensitive and could be non-specific. An example of piezoelectric biosensor is the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) model. These include applications in the agricultural field during crop production and also during food processing. This research received no external funding. 2 Mahmood Z., et al. Localized surface plasmon resonance sensors. It allows label-free measurement with high reliability, sensitivity and in a real-time [28]. Biosensors have been used as on-line or at-line quality sensors that make it possible for quality sorting, automation and reduction of production cost and production time. When a signal or response is generated from interactions with an analyte that is different from the target analyte such is termed a false positive result. Another amperometric biosensor for the detection of Salmonella Species was developed by Brookes and colleagues [56]. Recent advancements in optical biosensors for cancer detection Moreover, biosensors have been developed for monitoring and estimating cross-contamination of surfaces and food products[77, 78, 79, 80]. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors for influenza detection. There is proportionality between the electrical potential difference and the logarithm of the electrochemically active concentration of the material. and colorimetric sensors are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of graphene and its derivatives applicable to various types of sensors are analyzed, and the methods of surface functionalization of graphene and its . Biosensors continue to offer solutions and control of various processes across a range of applications. In many cases, optical computing is being researched for use in tandem with quantum computers. Furthermore, the basic types of biosensors and the general applications of these biosensors in various fields will be discussed. Nanoscale virus biosensors: state of the art. Thanks to numerous nanomaterials that possess the large surface area, synergic effects are enabled by improving . Antibodies in biosensors can interact tightly with their antigens (analytes) forming complex mixture by non-covalent bonds with their targets [16]. ; visualization, X.X. Once this has been established, the following tasks are critical: Selection of a biological receptor: the specificity and selectivity of a biosensor to the analyte of interest is dependent upon the biological receptor used. The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus. In this review, we reported techniques commonly used for viral detection. The rst problem may be solved . Since (December 2019), a novel coronavirus [COVID-19] which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), firstly reported in Wuhan city in central China leading to an explosion in the number of cases reported globaly. Aptamer-based optical biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of 17beta-estradiol in water samples. When developing new optical biosensor devices for practical applications all the methodological and practical aspects such as robustness, reproducibility, simplicity and shelf life should be carefully taken into account. Please enable JavaScript Recent advances in biosensor development for foodborne virus detection. Hunt H.K., Armani A.M. Label-free biological and chemical sensors. Piliarik M., pov H., Kvasnika P., Galler N., Krenn J.R., Homola J. High-resolution biosensor based on localized surface plasmons. Philadelphia, PA.[Google Scholar], 2015. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID-19 detection are discussed. A label-free and portable multichannel surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for on site analysis of antibiotics in milk samples. Due to the easily modification of surface and compatibility of electrochemical transducer electrode they used for viral detection [35]. Thermal biosensors measures the heat energy released or absorbed in a. Conceptualization, X.X. Analyst, 2020,145, 1605 Optical biosensors: an exhaustive and comprehensive review Safina G. Application of surface plasmon resonance for the detection of carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and measurement of the carbohydrate-specific interactions: a comparison with conventional analytical techniques. The ability to detect even the slightest physiological change in the human body with high sensitivity and accurately monitor processes that impact human nature and their surroundings has led to an immense improvement in the quality of life. ; formal analysis, X.X. The working principle and important characteristics or attributes of biosensors will also be addressed. Within the healthcare, wellness, and environmental domains, there are a variety of sensing approaches, including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optical, mechanical, electrochemical, semiconductor, and biosensing. Yuan J., Duan R., Yang H., Luo X., Xi M. Detection of serum human epididymis secretory protein 4in patients with ovarian cancer using a label-free biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. Selection of a transducer element: the transducer element greatly influences the sensitivity of the biosensor device. In medicine, biosensors can be used to monitor blood glucose levels in diabetics, detect pathogens, and diagnose and monitor cancer progression [85]. The combination of these components is designed to convert the biological response into a corresponding electrical response and ultimately a measurable output. The voltage at which these reactions occur indicates a particular reaction and particular analyte. Ultimately, the electrical signal is amplified by amplifier element and sent to (microelectronics and data processor) producing a measurable signal, such as (digital display) which exhibit optical change or print-out [26]. The biosensor bioreceptors composed of 1-Beta Chain of Hemoglobin, and so if the specimen is positive, SARS-CoV-2 proteins will bind to hemoglobin molecules on the transducer releasing heme part generating electrical signal, taken in consideration measuring the heme concentration before and after the investigation. 2014, Springer. Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing. And then we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the four kinds of biosensors. Am. Zhu Z. Accessibility Picture adapted from Korotkaya [7] with modifications. Potentiometric biosensors measure changes in pH and ion concentrations resulting from antigen/antibody interactions. Several types of nanomaterials used for diagnosis and biosensing such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs) and graphene or graphene-based nanomaterials [41]. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. In simpler terms, biosensors are responsible for the quantitative analysis of a molecule by relating its biological action into a measurable signal [25]. This publication is the result of the project implementation: Centre for materials, layers and systems for applications and chemical processes under extreme conditionsStage II, ITMS No. An appropriate electronic circuit is necessary to make conversion of the measured quantity to an electrical signal [59]. Biosensors comprise three main elements: the bio-receptor, the transducer and the signal processing system [13]. The indirect method generates a high signal but suffers from non-specific binding. By using nanotechnology strategies in viral biosensors, we can overcome the disadvantages of present techniques for viral detection by minimizing cost and detection time. Recent advances in AIV biosensors composed of nanobio hybrid material. Cao J., Sun T., Grattan K.T.V. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. By measuring levels of certain proteins expressed and/or secreted by tumor cells, biosensors can detect presence of a tumor, whether benign or cancerous, and also give information of whether treatment is effective in reducing or eliminating such cancerous cells [87, 88]. When the biological receptor interacts with a target analyte, it generates a signal in the form of light, heat, pH, charge or mass change [11]. Capability of fast providing specific (quantitative or semi-quantitative) analytical information using biochemical receptor due to direct contact with an electrochemical transduction element [33]. A piezoelectric platform or piezoelectric crystal is a sensor part working on the principle of change in oscillations due to mass bound on the piezoelectric crystal surface. The strong pairing of lined up nucleotide strands between bases in their complementary parts influences biosensors based on DNA, RNA, and peptide nucleotide acids to be the most sensitive tool [42]. A signal processing unit that usually contains a display or printer is normally used in conjunction to a biosensor as depicted in Figure 2. Optical biosensor: depends on binding of the Anti-Spike-RBD mAb (Human-IgG1) specifically with analyte Spike RBD, then measuring the change in refraction index. DNA biosensors, which use nucleic acids as their biological receptors, detect proteins and non-macromolecular compounds that interact with certain DNA fragments known as DNA probes or DNA primers. The principles for each type of biosensor are concisely introduced and particular emphasis has been placed on recent achievements. When electrochemical reactions produce ions or electrons, the overall conductivity or resistivity of the solution changes. In addition, indirect aggregation can be used for virus detection by modifying targeting molecules on the surface of virus. Lee J.H., Kim B.C., Oh B.K., Choi J.W. Having knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of various biological receptors in different biosensor applications is very important in selecting a suitable receptor [10, 15, 28]. Here, we report the development of biosensors based on various techniques. Some of the applications that have benefited from the emergence of biosensors include cancer detection and monitoring, cardiovascular disease monitoring, and diabetes control. A successful biosensor is composed of two main components, mainly a biological receptor or sensor element and a transducer. 3 Extremely high sensibility and selectivity is needed to maximize the hybridization efficiency and minimize non-specific binding [43]. Sizes of Nanomaterials ranging between 1 and 100nm, this offers a large surface area to volume ratios. In this review, the state of the art optical biosensor technologies, including those based on surface . Change in refractive index is generated from the interaction between the immobilized molecule (ligand) on the platform and the analyte. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), as a physical phenomenon, is not restricted only to events occurring in thin planar metal films. The transducer surface may be gold, carbon, silicon or hydrogels by direct attachment, streptavidin/ biotin affinity or silanisation [16]. Additionally, two methods have been recommended for the detection of the novel SARS-CoV-2, depending on the two biosensor types for direct and early detection of COVID-19. Production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies occurs by the host in response to artificial infection with virus. These biosensors are grouped into three main categories, known as electrochemical biosensors, mass-based biosensors and optical-based biosensors. Introduction The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented surge in virus research, in particular improving testing and diagnostics. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies FOIA Integrated planar optical waveguide interferometer biosensors: A comparative review. It works by potentiometric, amperometric, conductometric, polarographic, capacitive or piezoelectric ways [32,33]. Nucleic acid packaging in viruses. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. This work was funded by the European Commission Framework Programme 7 through the Marie Curie Initial Training Network; PROSENSE [grant number 317420, 20122016]. Contact our London head office or media team here. Additionally, we will explain the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the most common biosensors that are currently used for viral detection, which could be optical (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)) and electrochemical biosensors. ; validation, X.X., Y.Y. Li S., Yang M., Zhou W., Johnston T.G., Wang R. Dextran hydrogel coated surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor for sensitive and label-free detection of small molecule drugs. Multiple label-free detection of antigenantibody reaction using localized surface plasmon resonance-based coreshell structured nanoparticle layer nanochip. Saylan Y., et al. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Pedersen, J.C., Hemagglutination-inhibition assay for influenza virus subtype identification and the detection and quantitation of serum antibodies to influenza virus, in Animal Influenza Virus. In this type of sensor, an electrode is a key component that is employed as a solid support for immobilization of biomolecules and electron movement. Fras I.A., et al. : 26240120021 supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This led to the development of the concept of pH by Soren Peder Lauritz Sorensen in 1909, which was followed by the development of an electrode to measure this pH in 1922 by Hughes [12]. The glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARSCoV-2 has (1104 to 1273) amino acids. The working principles of each of the three biosensors are different and can thus be implemented in a variety of applications. Licensee IntechOpen. This component is also known as a sensor or detector element and is responsible for sensing or detecting the presence and/or the concentration of the target analyte or substance. * Current portable SPR devices still require a portable computer to run the instrument and are about the size of a lunch box. Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARSCoV2/COVID19 Such interruptions have the potential to induce inaccuracies in the output signal during measurement, thereby affecting the precision and accuracy of the biosensor device [11]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Estevez M.C., Otte M.A., Sepulveda B., Lechuga L.M. Conductometric biosensors measure the electrical conductivity of the solution in the course of a biochemical reaction. Viral genome may have composed of ssRNA with interaction with capsid proteins due to their icosahedral or helical particles forming crystals or fibers-like; Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or composed of dsDNA like; dsDNA bacteriophages and dsDNA animal viruses [18]. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Glass is an ideal material for biosensors that use optical detection techniques such as fluorescence or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) because of its qualities, such as chemical stability and transparency. The signal processing system therefore amplifies the electrical signal and conveys it to a data processor that produces a measurable signal in the form of a digital display, print out or color change [9, 10]. Dinish U.S., Fu C.Y., Soh K.S., Ramaswamy B., Kumar A., Olivo M. Highly sensitive SERS detection of cancer proteins in low sample volume using hollow core photonic crystal fiber. This further alters the physicochemical properties of the transducer that is in close proximity to the biological receptor. Rapid multiplexed immunoassay for simultaneous serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and coinfections. Various methods have been used for this task and include adsorption, entrapment, covalent attachment, micro encapsulation and cross linking [31, 32]. Fig. The eyes are also located just inches apart from each other and consequently, able to see two different images while the brain translates the two images as one. The area in which optical computing is ahead of quantum is the speed at which (simpler) calculations can be performed. Drawbacks - Optogenetics - Google Sites Using of simple electrodes Modification method could significantly reduce the testing time without the need for antibodies and labelling. As indicated in the aforementioned sections, a biosensor comprises of a biological receptor coupled with a transducer and signal processing unit, and thus operate on the basis of signal transduction. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Table 4 shows the advantages, disadvantages and future prospects of different detection methods. This is mostly determined by the right combination of a biological receptor and a transducer element, components which form the basis of a biosensor. Aptamers are selected in vitro in 1990s by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and other methods which have been reported RNA and DNA aptamers selection efficiently. This feature determines the ability of the biosensor device to resist change in its performance over a period of time in response to interruptions arising from external factors. By Sofia Henriques Ferreira, Ana Rovisco, Andreia dos IntechOpen Limited A sensitive coating material on the sensor surface is used to enable detection of the target analyte in the environment. in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) An enzyme, known as glucose oxidase, is used as a biological receptor which binds glucose and converts it to gluconic acid in the presence of oxygen. Offer details Description Dey D., Goswami T. Optical biosensors: a revolution towards quantum nanoscale electronics device fabrication. Sensing and Sensor Fundamentals | SpringerLink Optical biosensors allow the sensitive and selective detection of a wide range of analytes including viruses, toxins, drugs, antibodies, tumour biomarkers, and tumour cells. In any type of algae production light penetration, light path and surface area to volume ratio all affect the density that can be achieved and overall productivity (algae produced) of the system: The further . Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID19 detection are discussed. Finally, the output generated from the signal processing unit should be comparable to the biological quantity being measured [27]. government site. The use of emerging biosensor technology could be instrumental in early detection of cancer for effective treatment administration [86]. This is considered as the most important characteristic of a biosensor. Bioreceptors are highly specific biomolecules that are selected for viral analyte immobilized onto transducers to act as functional sensors. Choi Y., Kwak H., Hong S. Quantification of arsenic(III) in aqueous media using a novel hybrid platform comprised of radially porous silica particles and a gold thin film. Screening of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, Clinical diagnostics, biodefence, food testing, Study of cellular responses and processes. An overview of carbon nanotubes and graphene for biosensing applications. Bibby K. Metagenomic identification of viral pathogens. Without complexity in their pretreatment and probable influence on the nature of target molecules, these biosensors have additional advantages such as high sensitivity, robustness, reliability, and potential to be integrated on a single chip. This material must be inert at the potential when the electrochemical reaction takes place. Some of the subclasses under the types of biosensors will also be explained. To develop DNA biosensors, immobilization of the probe becomes the most crucial step. The signal generated by the transducer can either be a current or voltage, depending on the type of biological receptor. Abstract In this paper we described the biosensors, their constructions and their various applications in various process. Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. Optical Biosensor - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Xiao-hong Z., Lan-hua L., Wei-qi X., Bao-dong S., Jian-wu S., Miao H., et al. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Biosensors detect pollutants by measuring colour, light, fluorescence or electric current [81, 82, 83, 84]. Advanced biosensors for detection of pathogens related to livestock and poultry. This paved way for the development of what is known as a true biosensor in 1959 by Leland C. Clark, Jr., who is affectionately known as the father of biosensors. Trends in biosensors for HPV: identification and diagnosis. Table 1 and transmitted securely. Ed Boyden, with his testing of optogenetics with non-human primates, has observed in preliminary testing that optogenetics does not pose any detrimental effects to the subject [15]. [17, 19, 20]. In 1967, Updike and Hicks [39] successfully developed a working electrode for the detection of glucose levels and this is considered the first biosensor in the world. Electrochemical biosensors have gained popularity as compared to optical biosensors in the sense that they do not suffer from the many disadvantages optical biosensors experience. By investigating the RBD sequence, evolutionary relationship in (S) protein is important in realizing the virus origin tendencies. The optical detection principle allows construction of simple and cheap analytical devices with many potential applications in portable biosensor systems for, biosensor, optical biosensing, surface plasmon resonance. Below is a brief description of the different types of biosensors and their working mechanisms. Enzymatic biosensors are known for their prolonged use and reusability due to the fact that enzymes used as biological receptors cannot be consumed. The development in the field of diagnostics led to using other immunological assays for instance; Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA). DOI: 10.1039/C9AN01998G. By leveraging the versatile optical properties of different gold nanostructures, the performance of biosensing and biomedical imaging can be dramatically improved in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, speed, contrast, resolution and penetration depth. Additionally, we will explain the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the most common biosensors that are currently used for viral detection, which could be optical (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)) and electrochemical biosensors. These include a biological sensing element, physicochemical detector or transducer and a signal processing system [8]. illustrates the working mechanism of electrochemical biosensor. Modern uses of electron microscopy for detection of viruses. Various components that constitute a biosensor as well as the working principle of biosensors will be presented. It is essential to choose a suitable material when designing the electrochemical biosensor. Aptamer-based SPR Biosensor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus. Biosensors have found widespread use in environmental monitoring for the detection of chemical agents, organic pollutants, potentially toxic elements and pathogens that might pose a health hazard. This high sensitivity biosensor can detect electroactive species present in biological test samples [54]. Selection of a suitable immobilization method: for any biological molecule to operate reliably as a biological receptor, it requires attachment onto the surface of a transducer.
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