Thus, this study determined the role of health education on cervical cancer screening uptake at public health care facilities in Addis Ababa. I suggest that authors use a professional language proofreading services if English is not their first language. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. See if you're eligible for a clinical trial. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Palliative care is also an essential element of cancer management to relieve unnecessary pain and suffering due to the disease. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Vaccine effectiveness was lower in girls who were not enrolled in school, and was also lower in girls living with HIV. The sample size was powered to detect 15% and 10% women who would be screened for cervical cancer at the intervention and control health centers, respectively. Similar to the HIV program if cervical cancer screening is integrated with the routine maternal health service programs like family planning; the uptake would have increased. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the If we combine this information with your protected We can connect you with trained cancer information specialists who will answer questions about a cancer diagnosis and provide guidance and a compassionate ear. HPV vaccination does not replace cervical cancer screening. Response- Comment accommodated. The process for a healthcare provider obtaining a cervical sample is similar with both cytology and HPV testing. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Roles PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean?). Early arriving patients and health service clients were the target audiences as health education sessions were held every morning before health care workers commence seeing patients. Two types of cells line the surface of the cervix, and both can become cancerous. The endocervix is the inner part of the cervix that forms a canal that connects the vagina to the uterus. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Could the authors address whether they had difficulty contacting the women after two months? All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The uterus (or womb) is where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. Thus, this review is aimed to see the effectiveness of the interventions in cervical cancer screening uptake. If the former, more women need to be encouraged to come to the centers and have one to one interviews. Is this part of the overall education programs your medical centers/leaders are trying to bring to the Ethiopian citizenry? The health centers are staffed by general practitioners, nurses, and midwives and serve about 250,000 people [14]. Moreover, in all world regions the contribution of HIV Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A clearer description is needed describing the differences of the client receives at the interventional vs non-interventional centers. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself or someone you love, we're here to give you the best information available. The authors have provided descriptive information about the women who received the intervention and control. These single page, front-and-back PDF flyers offer easy-to-read information about common cancers and cancer causes. The article is poorly written. Early-stage cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. The cervix connects the vagina (birth canal) to the upper part of the uterus. This activity is provided by OptumHealth Education. CDCs Inside Knowledge campaign raises awareness about cervical and other gynecologic cancers. to cervical cancer falls disproportionately on younger women. Yes Malignant diseases of the . A two-pronged clustered randomized controlled trial was conducted in eight public health care centers. VIA) is essential for treating The frequently mentioned reasons mentioned by participants in the intervention group for not getting screened were lack of time (78%), not having been sick (12%) and not knowing about cervical cancer (7%). AskMayoExpert. In line with this, the educational brochure and the brief health education discusses what cervical cancer is, who are susceptible to the disease, how to detect the early stage of cervical cancer, how to prevent it and where to find cervical cancer screening services and that they can get the service for free. This time can be difficult and fatiguing. The study participants were women aged 3049 years who sought care at maternal and child health clinics but who had never been screened for cervical cancer. Overview Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 604 000 new cases in 2020. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS atgro.solp@serugif. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Funding: We are grateful for Womens Health Research Working Group at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences for initiating and giving support for this research project. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. We take your privacy seriously. If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously? This approach will help to reach a considerable number of mothers in a short while at an opportune time when they need the information the most. WHO works with countries (Available in English and Spanish.). The cervix connects the vagina (birth canal) to the upper part of the uterus. In a small percentage of people, however, the virus survives for years, contributing to the process that causes some cervical cells to become cancer cells. The figure on the participant flow is confusing. In our study, brief face-to-face health education, and brochure which was designed using the Health Belief Model (HBM) was given for the intervention group. Among those who were in the intervention group and screened for cervical cancer, 73% reported that their source of information was the one to one health education. Their main predictor is group status; the other variables in the model should be described as variables for which they adjusted the primary predictor in the model, based on the bivariate results. How was the brochure the interventional group received different from that the control clients received? Women in the control group were interviewed using the same standard questionnaire. Learn what CDC is doing. The authors mean the study was conducted between August 2017 and January 2018, but as written states that Addis Abba was the capital between those two dates. For those individuals that we could not contact for a follow-up interview, we have tried to reach them through their phone for three consecutive days. David Taylor MB, Natasha Campling, Sarah Carter, Sara Garfied, Jenny Newbould, Tim Rennie. All study participants telephone about the source of information after two months of time from the recruitment period: This sentence is problematic. Effectiveness of Health Education to Increase Screening for Cervical Cancer among Eastern-Band Cherokee Indian Women in North Carolina. PLoS ONE 15(10): Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". National Cervical Cancer Coalition (NCCC). the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. 8600 Rockville Pike If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. When screening detects an HPV infection For those individuals that we could not contact for a follow-up interview, we have tried to reach them through their phone for three consecutive days. In the intervention health centers, all eligible women received one-to-one health education and educational brochures about cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. Data was entered using Epidata version 3.1 software and later exported to STATA 14 for analysis. Of that number, approximately 4,300 will die from the disease, according to the American Cancer Society. Methods: The authors do not explain why the study was limited to women aged 30 to 49 years. Here you will find a list of available print-based materials for cancer patient education with information about how to submit an order of any size. This systematic review aimed to identify effective educational interventions to increase cervical cancer awareness, knowledge, and subsequently screening or vaccination uptake in African women. Verbal informed consent as it was approved by the Institutional Review Board; was obtained from recruited study participants prior to their enrolment. The .gov means its official. Malignant diseases of the cervix. : Are the authors saying checkmarks were put on all clients forms, so that at the end of the study the authors could determine the total number asked, and thus also what percent of those asked to join the study, regardless whether intervention or control, actually refused? Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Over 85% of the general population has been exposed. Similarly, in Ethiopia, lack of proper health information from health care providers and low awareness about the disease determined low uptake [9, 10]. This could be related to the fact that HIV screening is a routine procedure that is provided for all pregnant women at all health facilities hence: I was unaware of this fact, which explains my comment related to table 1. Registration is free. And during these screenings, a provider collects cells from the cervix to be tested in the lab. Participants who could not read and write attended the brief health talk but were told to have someone close to them read the content at their convenience. Disclaimer. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. According to the session schedule, health education on cervical cancer was supposed to be given twice a week. #4 : Web site note proper too many periods. More research is needed to identify and analyse barriers to screening uptake, which can still be present even after a successful educational intervention. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239580.s001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239580.s002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239580.s003. However, there are ways we can help reduce anxiety and feel more in control of the situation. Eight hundred ninety-eight (85%) of the participants in the intervention group and 973(92%) of the controls were married. Followed by immediate treatment or as quickly as possible after an HPV molecular positive test. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters). And pelvic pain or other pain can also occur during intercourse. Response- The survey questionnaire developed for this study is now included as supporting information. AskMayoExpert. Ethiopia has a three-tier health system where one primary hospital, health centers with its five satellite health posts occupy the lowest level (the primary health care unit). 1 By taking the level of significance at 5%, power 90% and 20% loss to follow up; 2,203 study participants were recruited from eight clusters with 230 study participants from each. Squamous Cell Vulvar Cancer: Who out there has this cancer? Is this because the women generally know nothing about cervical cancer and do not understand it? Help someone have a better organized cancer journey by introducing them to the American Cancer Society Personal Health Manager. The Ethiopia Ministry of Health (MOH) recommends educating women who never had cervical cancer screening as a strategy to increase uptake. Are you worried about the cost? one-to-one brief health talk : Given one to one talk. This approach will help to reach a considerable number of mothers in a short while at an opportune time when they need the information the most. 8. Supervision, [Note: HTML markup is below. Similar to the HIV program if cervical cancer screening is integrated with the routine maternal health service programs like family planning; the uptake would have increased. here. Women living with HIV are 6 times more likely to develop cervical cancer compared to women without HIV. Congratulations! Unlike tests that rely on visual inspection, HPV-testing is an objective test. Yes BMC Cancer. The selected health centers were Bole 17, Felegeselam, Lideta, and Addis Ketema primary health centers. The life-course approach for cervical cancer prevention and control. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Mediators and moderators of the effect of the game changers for cervical cancer prevention intervention on cervical cancer screening among previously unscreened social network members in Uganda. In 2018 alone there were an estimated 570,000 new cervical cancer cases globally where 6,294 of the cases occurred in Ethiopia [1, 2]. Screening programs that have treatment for a positive diagnosis had proved to be a success [8]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx. here. Finally, age, marital status, womans educational status, occupation history of STI, HIV testing, allocation to control, and intervention group were included in the multivariable analysis. Advances in current cervical cancer clinical research trials will also be addressed. CDC works with partners to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the United States. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click More than 90% of them clear the infection eventually. Accessed June 14, 2019. 2012 Jun 7;12:413. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-413. Women from intervention health centers had higher odds AOR = 2.43 (95%CI;1.582.90) of getting screened than women from the control health centers. Learning about the condition can make you feel more empowered and confident in the decisions about your care. 3- Please include additional information regarding the survey or questionnaire used in the study and ensure that you have provided sufficient details that others could replicate the analyses. The Womens Health Research Working Group Members at the College of Health Sciences who commented the proposal at the inception of the project are well acknowledged. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Supervision, The descriptive analysis involved calculating the frequency and percentage of sociodemographic and health service-related variables. They mention that education about CC is given twice a week. First Degree and above: What is the difference between diploma and first-degree; Will most readers understand? Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2019. On the contrary, being tested for HIV was not associated with cervical cancer screening. One type (glandular cells) has a column-shaped appearance. 5. This study also found that there is a significant association between history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and cervical cancer screening uptake. Definition of cervical cancer, risk factors, susceptibility, mode of transmission, treatment, and benefits of cervical cancer screening was included in the discussion. What Are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer? Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available? cancer incidence and deaths. In: Program TD, editor. By taking the level of significance at 5%, power 90% and 20% loss to follow up; 2,203 study participants were recruited from eight clusters with 230 study participants from each. July 2017. http://www.nccc-online.org/about-nccc/international-cervical-cancer/, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols, http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf, http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf. For instructions see:http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. What implementation interventions increase cancer screening rates? Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in the World. Received 2019 Dec 4; Accepted 2020 Sep 8. Matovu JK, Wagner GJ, Juncker M, Namisango E, Bouskill K, Nakami S, Beyeza-Kashesya J, Luyirika E, Wanyenze RK. When a woman came to Bole-17 for example, was she asked if she would participate, and if so, only then did she receive a one-on-one session? So if your mother took it while pregnant, you may have higher risk as well. In developing countries, the main reasons for the low uptake of cervical cancer screening services are attributed to a lack of knowledge about the disease and service availability [15]. Am I correct only about 3% (64) of the non-interventional cluster came for screening? Proportion of women screened for cervical cancer among the intervention group was higher than the control group. as the vaccination prevents HPV related cancers in males as well as. The same argument justifies the association between being a government employee and an increased odd of screening, as most positions in government offices require proper training. The HBM postulates that people will take action to prevent illness if they consider themselves as susceptible to a condition (perceived susceptibility), if they believe it would have potentially serious consequences (perceived severity), if they believe that a particular course of action available to them would reduce the susceptibility or severity (perceived benefits), and if they perceive a few negative attributes related to the health action (perceived barriers) [12].
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